Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Bucks County
Location in the state of Pennsylvania
Map of the U.S. highlighting Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location in the U.S.
Founded November 1682
Seat Doylestown
Largest city Bensalem
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Water
622 sq mi (1,611 km²)
607 sq mi (1,572 km²)
15 sq mi (39 km²), 2.37%
Population
 - (2000)
 - Density
597,635
984/sq mi (380/km²)
Website www.buckscounty.org
Bucks County Courthouse in Doylestown

Bucks County is a county located in the U.S. state (commonwealth) of Pennsylvania. The county seat is Doylestown. This county is part of the Delaware Valley area.

As of 2000, the population was 597,635. A 2004 U.S. Census estimate placed the population at 621,342, making it the fourth most populous county in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia, Allegheny, and Montgomery counties), and the 95th most populous county in the United States. As of 2000, it is the 76th wealthiest county in the nation as measured by median family income.

Contents

History

Founding

Bucks County was one of the three original counties in Pennsylvania. It was named by William Penn in 1682 after Buckinghamshire, England, the county where he lived and from which his family originated. Bucks is the abbreviation for Buckinghamshire, and both names are used interchangeably in England. Penn's home, Pennsbury Manor, is located within Bucks County.

Place names in Bucks County derived from places in Buckinghamshire include Buckingham, Chalfont (named after Chalfont St Giles), Wycombe and Solebury (spelled Soulbury in England). Buckingham was the former county town of Buckinghamshire; Buckingham, PA, (now known as Bristol) was the county seat of Bucks County from 1705-1726. Chalfont St. Giles in Buckinghamshire was the parish home of William Penn's first wife, and the location of the Jordans Quaker Meeting House, where Penn is buried.

Bucks County was originally much larger than it is today. Northampton County was formed in 1752 from part of Bucks County, and Lehigh County was formed in 1812 from part of Northampton County.

Revolutionary War

In December 1776, Bucks County became the setting for Gen. George Washington and his troops as they prepared to cross the Delaware and storm Trenton, New Jersey on Christmas Day. The attack caught the Hessian army by surprise and would represent a turning point in the American War of Independence. The town of Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania and Washington Crossing Historic Park were named to commemorate the event.

Law and Government

The executive government is run by a three-seat Board of Commissioners, one member of which serves as chairperson. Commissioners are elected through at-large voting and serve four-year terms. In cases of vacancy, a panel of county judges appoints members to fill seats.

The current commissioners are Charles H. Martin (R) (Chairman), James F. Cawley (R) (Vice-Chairman), and Diane M. Ellis-Marseglia (D). The current terms expire at the end of 2012. [1]

Geography

Bucks County lies in the southeastern edge of the state along the Delaware River. Most of the land is typical of the piedmont region, with hills becoming more distinct further north. Unlike in the Southern Piedmont, soil in the Pennsylvania Piedmont has historically been fertile, giving Bucks County large areas of valuable farmland. With the decline of the farming industry, debate has arisen over how much of this open space should be preserved, and how much should be allotted for commercial and residential development.

The southern third of the county between Philadelphia and Trenton, New Jersey, often called Lower Bucks, resides in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and is flat and near sea level, and the county's most populated and industrialized area.

The county shares most of its western border with Montgomery County, and also borders Philadelphia to the southwest, and Northampton and Lehigh Counties to the north. From north to south, it is linked to Warren, Hunterdon, Mercer and Burlington Counties in New Jersey by bridges.

Tohickon Creek and Neshaminy Creek are the largest tributaries of the Delaware in Bucks County. Tohickon Creek empties into the river at Point Pleasant and Neshaminy at Bristol.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 622 square miles (1,611 km²). 607 square miles (1,573 km2) is land and 15 square miles (38 km2) (2.37%) is water.

Adjacent counties

Lehigh County Northampton County Warren County, New Jersey and Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Montgomery County Mercer County, New Jersey
   Bucks County, Pennsylvania    
Philadelphia County Burlington County, New Jersey

Industry and commerce

Levittown, aerial view, circa 1959

The boroughs of Bristol and Morrisville were prominent industrial centers along the Northeast Corridor during World War II. Suburban development accelerated in Lower Bucks in the 1950s with the opening of Levittown, Pennsylvania, the second such "Levittown" designed by William Levitt.

Among Bucks' largest employers in the Twentieth Century were U.S. Steel in Falls Township, and the Vulcanized Rubber & Plastics and Robertson Tile companies in Morrisville. Rohm and Haas continues to operate several chemical plants around Bristol. Waste Management operates a landfill in Tullytown that is largely the receptacle of out-of-state waste in the USA (receiving nearly all of New York City's waste following the closure of Fresh Kills landfill in Staten Island, NY 40-miles away).

Bucks is also experiencing rapid growth in biotechnology, along with neighboring Montgomery County. The Greater Philadelphia area has become the second largest area of biotechnology in the United States, only behind Boston. It recently pushed San Francisco and Washington, D.C. to lower rankings. It is projected by 2020 that one out of four people in Bucks County will work in biotechnology. [2]

This industry, however, belies another important asset of the county: tourism. The county's northern regions (colloquially referred to as Upper Bucks) are renowned for their natural scenery, farmland, colonial history, and proximity to major urban areas (particularly Philadelphia, but New York City, Allentown, Reading and Atlantic City are also within a two-hour radius). Popular attractions in Bucks County include the shops and studios of New Hope, Peddler's Village, Washington Crossing Historic Park, and Bucks County River Country. Southern Bucks (colloquially referred to as Lower Bucks) is home to two important shopping centers, Neshaminy Mall and Oxford Valley Mall, and Sesame Place, a family theme park based on the Sesame Street television series. Also within Lower Bucks County is the newly constructed Parx Casino in Bensalem. The casino was built on the grounds of the Philadelphia Park Racetrack, a renowned horse-racing park. The complex includes the expansive casino, a dance club, and numerous dining options. The complex will soon include a shopping district, and 1200+ housing units. Parx is soon expected to rival the casinos in nearby Atlantic City.

Local publications include Bucks County Courier Times, The Intelligencer, The Advance of Bucks County, Bucks County Herald, Bucks County Town and Country Living, LifeStyle Magazine, Nouveau, and BUCKS Magazine.

Population growth

Growth began in the early 1950s, when William Levitt chose Bucks County for his second "Levittown". Levitt bought hundreds of acres of woodlands and farmland, and constructed 17,000 homes and dozens of schools, parks, libraries, and shopping centers. By the time the project ended, the population of Levittown had swollen to almost 74,000 residents. At the time, only whites could buy homes. This rule however, was soon overturned. Other planned developments included Croydon and Fairless Hills. This rapid sprawl continued until the mid 1960s.

In the 1970s, a second growth spurt began. This time, developers took land in townships that were mostly untouched. These included Middletown, Lower Makefield Township, and Newtown Township. Tract housing, office complexes, shopping centers, and sprawling parking lots continued to move more and more towards Upper Bucks, swallowing horse farms, sprawling forests, and wetlands. At this time, the Oxford Valley Mall was constructed in Middletown, which would become the business nucleus of the county.

Growth has somewhat stabilized since the 1990s, with smaller increases and less development. However, the main reason for this is not a lack of population growth, but loss of land. Lower Bucks now lacks large parcels of land to develop. Smaller residential and commercial projects must now be constructed. However, redevelopment is now a leading coalition in Lower Bucks. Many areas along the Delaware River have surpluses of abandoned industry, so many municipalities have granted building rights to luxury housing developers. Also, as the regions that began the suburban boom in Bucks, such as Levittown, begin to reach their 50th anniversaries, many commercial strips and other neglected structures are being torn down to be replaced with new shopping plazas and commercial chains. Also, with rising property values, areas with older construction are beginning to have a "rebirth". At the same time, Central and Upper Bucks are still seeing rapid growth, with many municipalities doubling their populations.

Arts and culture

Fine and performing arts

Many artists and writers based in New York City have called Bucks County home, settling mainly in the small stretch between Doylestown, Pennsylvania and New Hope and along the Delaware River. Notable residents have included Margaret Mead, Pearl S. Buck, Oscar Hammerstein, II, Stephen Sondheim, Moss Hart, James Michener, Dorothy Parker, S. J. Perelman, Stan and Jan Berenstain, Annie Haslam, and Jean Toomer. Bucks County is the home of writer/musician James McBride, Academy Award winning, film composer, Joe Renzetti ; musician Gene Ween of Ween, painter Christopher Wajda ; photographer Michael Barone and was also home to furniture designer George Nakashima. James Gould Cozzens lived in Lambertville, New Jersey, just across the river from Bucks County, used Doylestown as the model for the setting of two novels, and is considered a Bucks County artist.

The county boasts many local theater companies, including the long-established Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope, and the Bristol Riverside Theatre, a professional Equity theater in Bristol.

The Wild River Review, an online magazine that publishes in-depth reporting, works of literature, art, visual art, reviews, interviews, and columns by and about contemporary artists, photographers, and writers, is based out of Doylestown.

Literature

The seemingly autobiographical novel The Fires of Spring by James Michener takes place in and around Doylestown.

Popular culture

Alecia Moore, more commonly known as Pink, was born in Doylestown as was motion picture writer and director, Stefan Avalos. Producer Samik Ganguly resides in Bucks County, as do two American Idol contestants: Justin Guarini, who was born in Atlanta, but moved to Bucks County; and Anthony Fedorov, who was born in Ukraine and was from Trevose, in Lower Southampton Township. Singer/actress Irene Molloy and classical tenor David Gordon were born in Doylestown. Collin Anderson, a commercial actor who often works with M. Night Shyamalan, was born in Bensalem and now resides in Holland, Bucks County. Musician Asher Roth was born in Morrisville.

Film

M. Night Shyamalan's 2002 film Signs, starring Mel Gibson, was filmed and takes place in Bucks County. The town scenes, in particular, were filmed on State Street in Newtown Borough, the drugstore scene was filmed at Burns' Pharmacy on Pennsylvania Avenue in Morrisville. The house was built on farmland privately owned and leased to Delaware Valley College in Doylestown Township, Pennsylvania. A stage set for some interior shots was created in a warehouse on State Road in Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania. Shyamalan's film, Lady in the Water, was shot across the street from the Bloomsdale section of Bristol Township. With the exception of the Pine Barrens footage, all of The Last Broadcast was shot in Bucks County (though the name was changed).

A short scene from Stephen King's The Stand is based in Pipersville.

The producer Fred Bauer, the director Steve Rash and composer Joseph Renzetti of the "Buddy Holly Story," all live in Bucks County, where the film was conceived, and written by Bob Gittler.

Although filmed in California, one of Steven Spielberg's earliest films, Something Evil, is set in Bucks County.

A NBC pilot starring Jimmy Smits filmed in the Andalusia section of Bensalem Township March 22–23, 2010.[3][4] The film Law Abiding Citizen starring Gerard Butler and Jamie Foxx was filmed partially in New Hope.

Sports

Bucks County is home to a number of covered bridges.

Football

Rugby League

The Bucks County Sharks rugby league team played in the AMNRL from 1997 and folded in 2010. However they still play often.[5]

Little League

The county has a considerable history of producing Little League baseball contenders. Since its inception in 1947, four of the seven Pennsylvania teams to compete in the Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania have come from Bucks County: Morrisville (1955), Levittown American (1960 and 1961), and Council Rock-Newtown (2005). Two of these squads, Morrisville and Levittown (1960), went on to win the World Series title. In 2007, Council Rock Northampton won the PA State championship, and lost in the finals of regionals.

Horse racing

Parks and Recreation

Pennsylvania State Parks

There are six Commonwealth owned parks in parks located in Bucks county:

County Parks

  • Core Creek Park
  • Dark Hollow Park
  • Lake Towhee Park
  • Peace Valley Park
  • Playwicki Park
  • Ringing Rocks Park
  • Silver Lake Park
  • Tinicum Park
  • Tohickon Valley Park
  • Bucks County Horse Park

Historic Properties

County Recreation Sites

  • Frosty Hollow Tennis Center
  • Core Creek Tennis Center
  • Oxford Valley Golf Course
  • Oxford Valley Pool
  • Tohickon Valley Pool
  • Weisel Hostel
  • Peace Valley Boat Rental
  • Core Creek Boat Rental

County Nature Centers

Transportation

Airports

Public Transportation

Politics

Presidential election results
Year Republican Democratic
2008 45.2% 149,860 53.7% 178,345
2004 48.0% 154,469 51.2% 163,438
2000 46.3% 121,927 50.5% 132,914
1996 41.8% 94,899 45.5% 103,313
1992 38.1% 94,584 39.4% 97,902
1988 60.0% 127,563 38.8% 82,472
1984 63.3% 130,119 36.2% 74,568
1980 55.5% 100,536 32.6% 59,120
1976 50.7% 85,628 47.3% 79,838
1972 62.3% 99,684 35.5% 56,784
1968 48.6% 69,646 40.2% 57,634
1964 38.9% 50,243 60.6% 78,287
1960 54.0% 67,501 45.7% 57,177

As of January 2010, there are 430,557 registered voters in Bucks County [3].

Like Pennsylvania at large, Bucks County is regarded as a swing vote in major elections. Democratic registration there overtook the Republicans in early 2008. All four statewide winners (Barack Obama for President, Rob McCord for Treasurer, Jack Wagner for Auditor General, and Tom Corbett for Attorney General) carried Bucks in November 2008.

Bucks County was once a safeguard for the Republican Party, and although politically the county has diversified, Republicans still control most of the offices at local levels of government. County Republicans tend to hold moderate positions on environmental and social issues while advocating fiscal restraint.

Bucks County is represented in U.S. Congress by 8th Congressional district (map). While concerns about gerrymandering are on the rise, the 8th District remains one of the few districts in the United States that is almost fully made up by a single county. Since 2002, however, the 8th District has included small portions of neighboring Montgomery and Philadelphia counties.

County commissioners

Other county offices

  • Clerk of Courts, Mary Smithson, Republican
  • Controller, Ray McHugh, Republican
  • Coroner, Joseph Campbell, Republican
  • District Attorney, David Heckler, Republican
  • Prothonotary, Patricia Bachtle, Republican
  • Recorder of Deeds, Edward Gudknecht, Republican
  • Register of Wills, Barbara Reilly, Republican
  • Sheriff, Edward "Duke" Donnelly, Republican
  • Treasurer, William Snyder, Republican

Pennsylvania State Senate

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

United States House of Representatives

United States Senate

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1790 25,216
—
1800 27,496 9.0%
1810 32,371 17.7%
1820 37,842 16.9%
1830 45,745 20.9%
1840 48,107 5.2%
1850 56,091 16.6%
1860 63,578 13.3%
1870 64,336 1.2%
1880 68,656 6.7%
1890 70,615 2.9%
1900 71,190 0.8%
1910 76,530 7.5%
1920 82,476 7.8%
1930 96,727 17.3%
1940 107,715 11.4%
1950 144,620 34.3%
1960 308,567 113.4%
1970 410,056 32.9%
1980 479,211 16.9%
1990 541,174 12.9%
2000 597,635 10.4%
Est. 2008 626,015 4.7%

As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 597,635 people, 218,725 households, and 160,981 families residing in the county. The population density was 984 people per square mile (380/km²). There were 225,498 housing units at an average density of 371 per square mile (143/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.01% White, 4.08% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 3.10% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 3.16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.1% were of German, 19.1% Irish, 14.0% Italian, 7.5% English and 5.9% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 218,725 households out of which 35.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.20% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.40% were non-families. 21.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the county, the population was spread out with 25.70% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $59,727, and the median income for a family was $68,727 (these figures had risen to $71,161 and $86,493 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[9]). Males had a median income of $46,587 versus $31,984 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,430. About 3.10% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.80% of those under age 18 and 5.50% of those age 65 or over.

Like the rest of the Philadelphia region, Bucks County has experienced a rapid increase of immigrants since the 2000 census. Known for its very large and established Eastern European population, most notably the Russian community, but also for its Ukrainian and Polish communities, Bucks County is now seeing a rapid surge of other immigrant groups. A 2005 population estimate of Bucks, showed that the Indian and Mexican populations have already doubled since 2000. Bucks county is one of only two counties in Pennsylvania where Mexicans are the largest Hispanic community, the other being Montgomery county. Other fast-growing non-European ethnic groups include Chinese, Cubans, Koreans, Palestinians, Puerto Ricans and Turks. European and Middle-Eastern immigrants such as Russians, Armenians, and Israelis also saw significant increases. Bucks County also is home to large and very prominent Roman Catholic and Jewish populations.

Municipalities

Map of Bucks County, Pennsylvania with Municipal Labels showing Boroughs (red), Townships (white), and Census-designated places (blue).

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The most populous borough in the county is Morrisville with 10,023 as of the 2000 census. The following boroughs and townships are located in Bucks County:

Boroughs

  • Bristol
  • Chalfont
  • Doylestown
  • Dublin
  • Hulmeville
  • Ivyland
  • Langhorne
  • Langhorne Manor
  • Morrisville
  • New Britain
  • New Hope
  • Newtown
  • Penndel
  • Perkasie
  • Quakertown
  • Richlandtown
  • Riegelsville
  • Sellersville
  • Silverdale
  • Telford (lies partly in Montgomery County)
  • Trumbauersville
  • Tullytown
  • Yardley

Townships

  • Bedminster Township
  • Bensalem Township
  • Bridgeton Township
  • Bristol Township
  • Buckingham Township
  • Doylestown Township
  • Durham Township
  • East Rockhill Township
  • Falls Township
  • Haycock Township
  • Hilltown Township
  • Lower Makefield Township
  • Lower Southampton Township
  • Middletown Township
  • Milford Township
  • New Britain Township
  • Newtown Township
  • Nockamixon Township
  • Northampton Township
  • Plumstead Township
  • Richland Township
  • Solebury Township
  • Springfield Township
  • Tinicum Township
  • Upper Makefield Township
  • Upper Southampton Township
  • Warminster Township
  • Warrington Township
  • Warwick Township
  • West Rockhill Township
  • Wrightstown Township

Census-designated places

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.

  • Brittany Farms-Highlands
  • Churchville
  • Cornwells Heights-Eddington
  • Croydon
  • Erwinna
  • Fairless Hills
  • Fallsington
  • Feasterville-Trevose
  • Levittown
  • Newtown Grant
  • Richboro
  • Southampton
  • Uhlerstown
  • Upper Black Eddy
  • Village Shires
  • Warminster Heights
  • Woodbourne
  • Woodside

Education

Colleges and universities

Map of Bucks County, Pennsylvania Public School Districts

Public school districts

The Bucks County public schools listed above are served by a regional educational service agency called the Bucks County Intermediate Unit#22 located in the county seat of Doylestown, Pennsylvania.

Public Charter School

Private Schools

  • 27 Catholic grade schools (are also the 27 parishes in Bucks County of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia)
  • Calvary Christian School
  • Plumstead Christian School
  • Holy Ghost Preparatory School (9-12 for boys)
  • Archbishop Wood Catholic High School
  • Conwell-Egan Catholic High School
  • George School
  • Solebury School
  • Villa Joseph Marie High School (9-12 for girls)

Community, junior and technical colleges

Notable residents

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ "2009 Board of Commissioners". Official website of Bucks County. http://www.buckscounty.org/government/commissioners/index.aspx. 
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ [2]
  4. ↑ Another day on the set for film-industry locals
  5. ↑ http://www.americanrugbynews.com/artman/publish/rugby_league/Pier_40_Action.shtml
  6. ↑ http://www.hiusa.org/hostels/usa_hostels/pennsylvania/quakertown/60113
  7. ↑ Pennsbury Manor official website
  8. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  9. ↑ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=05000US34037&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US34%7C05000US34037&_street=&_county=bucks&_cityTown=bucks&_state=04000US42&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=050&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=
  10. ↑ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 1967. 
Municipalities and communities of Bucks County, Pennsylvania
County seat: Doylestown
Boroughs

Bristol | Chalfont | Doylestown | Dublin | Hulmeville | Ivyland | Langhorne | Langhorne Manor | Morrisville | New Britain | New Hope | Newtown | Penndel | Perkasie | Quakertown | Richlandtown | Riegelsville | Sellersville | Silverdale | Telford‡ | Trumbauersville | Tullytown | Yardley
Townships

Bedminster | Bensalem | Bridgeton | Bristol | Buckingham | Doylestown | Durham | East Rockhill | Falls | Haycock | Hilltown | Lower Makefield | Lower Southampton | Middletown | Milford | New Britain | Newtown | Nockamixon | Northampton | Plumstead | Richland | Solebury | Springfield | Tinicum | Upper Makefield | Upper Southampton | Warminster | Warrington | Warwick | West Rockhill | Wrightstown
CDPs

Brittany Farms-Highlands | Churchville | Cornwells Heights-Eddington | Croydon | Fairless Hills | Feasterville-Trevose | Levittown | Newtown Grant | Richboro | Village Shires | Warminster Heights | Woodbourne | Woodside
Unincorporated
communities

Carversville | Centre Bridge | Erwinna | Fallsington | Holland | Lahaska | Lumberville | Oakford | Pineville | Point Pleasant | Plumsteadville | Southampton | The Devil's Half-Acre | Uhlerstown | Upper Black Eddy | Washington Crossing | Wycombe
Footnotes

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Harrisburg (capital)
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